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Tuesday, September 17, 2013

10 Surprising Facts About American Muscle Cars - Car No. 5 - 1978 Pontiac Firebird Trans Am

1978 Pontiac Firebird Trans Am

By the late 1970s, muscle car performance was a mere shadow of what it had been years earlier. The latest emissions controls, combined with high gas prices and stratospheric insurance costs, caused most automakers to severely dial back horsepower.

But not Pontiac. The Trans-Am had been riding a new wave of popularity since its starring role in the movie Smokey and the Bandit. For the 1978 model year, Pontiac added to the excitement by actually increasing the horsepower of its top-level Trans Am from 200 to 220. The brand also developed a special handling package called the WS6 that added a sport-tuned suspension, wider 8-inch wheels, new tires, and quicker steering. The result was a Pontiac Trans-Am that was actually quicker and handled better around a track than the Chevy Corvette.

Little-Known Fact: The Pontiac's T-top roof, which first became an option in 1976, was as close as a buyer could get to a convertible Trans Am. These lift-out roof sections were initially made by Hurst and were known as the Hurst Hatch. The problem was, they leaked. This led Pontiac to develop its own T-tops within GM's Fisher body division and launch the option midway through the 1978 model year. So some '78 Firebirds have Hurst T-tops and others have the Fisher units. You can spot the difference because the Fisher glass roof panels are larger than the Hurst Hatch ones


Read more: American Muscle Cars - 10 Surprising Facts - Popular Mechanics
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Monday, September 16, 2013

10 Surprising Facts About American Muscle Cars- Car No. 4 -1970 Oldsmobile 442

1970 Oldsmobile 442

The 442 (which gets its name from its four-barrel carburetor, four-speed manual, and dual exhausts) was based on the Cutlass and become the hot muscle machine for the Oldsmobile division. It shared its platform with two other hot GM machines, the Chevy Chevelle SS and the Pontiac GTO. And like the GTO, the 442 was only a trim level at the beginning. But by 1970, you could get a huge 455-cubic-inch big-block V-8. And when equipped with the even more potent W30 parts, the motor made 360 hp and a whopping 500 lb-ft of torque. It could hit 60 mph in less than 6 seconds, which was very quick for the time—especially for an Olds.

Little-Known Fact: Actor James Garner raced a beefed-up 1970 Olds 442 in the NORRA Mexico 1000 (a precursor to the Baja 1000), where it won second in class. The Goodyear Grabber, as it was known, was built by legendary Baja-race-vehicle guru Vic Hickey and sponsored by Goodyear tires. The vehicle was recently restored and put up for sale.


Read more: American Muscle Cars - 10 Surprising Facts - Popular Mechanics
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Sunday, September 15, 2013

10 Surprising Facts About American Muscle Cars - car No. 3 - 1969 Dodge Charger Daytona

1969 Dodge Charger Daytona

The 1969 Dodge Daytona and its sibling, the 1970 Plymouth Superbird, are arguably the most radical vehicles to emerge from the muscle car wars. But the Dodge Charger Daytona, as the name might suggest, wasn't designed for street racing. It was built to win Nascar races on the superspeedways—the longest and fastest tracks.

To increase top speed, engineers took the Charger to the wind tunnel. The aerodynamic modifications to the big Dodge Charger Daytona included a nearly 2-foot-tall rear wing, a flush rear window, and a longer, sloped nose cone. The results were impressive. The race version of the Dodge Charger Daytona became the first car in Nascar history to break 200 mph. After numerous Dodge wins in 1969 and some by Plymouth in 1970, Nascar's new rule book banned these cars. The production cars, which came packing a 440 big-block or the legendary 426 Hemi, are sought-after collector cars today that bring more than $150,000 at auctions.

Little-Known Fact: The Dodge Charger Daytona's aerodynamic modifications over a those of a standard Charger helped lower the coefficient of drag to 0.28—an excellent figure even by today's standards. But did that huge rear wing really need to be so tall to maximize rear-end downforce? According to legend, no. The reason for the exaggerated height of the wing was so that the trunklid on the production cars could pass underneath it and fully open.


Read more: American Muscle Cars - 10 Surprising Facts - Popular Mechanics
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Saturday, September 14, 2013

10 Surprising Facts About American Muscle Cars - Car No. 2 - 1984 Chevy Corvette

1984 Chevy Corvette

The third generation of America's sports car, the Corvette, had an incredibly long run: 1968 to 1982. So when it came time for GM to launch the next-generation C4 Corvette, there was wild speculation about the car. Some predicted it would use a midengine chassis, like an Italian exotic. And others thought it might use a rotary engine, like Mazda's.

In the end, the next Vette wasn't radical. It still had a small-block Chevy V-8 up front driving the rear wheels. That first year, it cranked out a meager 205 hp. But after a switch to a new, tuned port fuel-injection system in later years, horsepower jumped—and so did performance. Five years later, Chevy debuted the first ultra-performance Vette since the 1960s: the 375-hp ZR-1.

Little-Known Fact: There is no production 1983 Corvette. Although 1982 was the last year for the third-generation Corvette, Chevy decided to wait until the 1984 model year to launch the all-new car. Why? Some sources claim tighter emissions regulations necessitated more time for development. Others say that quality glitches at the factory were the real reason. All we know is every 1983 Corvette prototype was destroyed, except one: a white car that now lives at the National Corvette Museum in Bowling Green, Ky.


Read more: American Muscle Cars - 10 Surprising Facts - Popular Mechanics
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10 Surprising Facts About American Muscle Cars - Car No. 1 - 1968 Ford Mustang Shelby GT500

America loves speed. The 1960s and 1970s might have produced the wildest and rarest muscle cars packing giant torque-rich V-8s, but the 1980s brought its share of powerful machines to the street, too—cars that were quick and met the more stringent emissions controls. And behind the horsepower there are some surprising stories.

1968 Ford Mustang Shelby GT500

The first two years of Carroll Shelby's Mustangs are the most desirable to many Mustang purists. Those 1965 and 1966 GT 350s were light, simply styled, and perfect for track work. But the later 1967 and 1968 cars offered more fun under the hood and were the machines of choice if you wanted to win drag races.

For the first time, '67 to '68 GT 500 Shelbys came with 355-hp 428-cubic-inch big-block power under the hood. Car testers of the day saw quarter-mile time slips in the mid-to-low 14-second bracket—quick for the day. The Shelby Mustangs received more scoops and flashier styling than the older cars to match the new-found power and torque. And the even quicker KR (King of the Road) high-performance model was available in 1968 too.

Little-Known Fact: The 1967 Shelby Mustangs used Mercury Cougar tail lamps, but the 1968 models used lamps from the '66 Ford Thunderbird.


Read more: American Muscle Cars - 10 Surprising Facts - Popular Mechanics
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Thursday, September 5, 2013

Creative Engineering for Niche Profitability


Mazda6-chassis-frame
Can engineers keep a small company such as Mazda viable in this era of globalization? Maybe. And
 if not, their attempts will surely give Mazda’s next big-wallet benefactor a leg up in niche product
profitability. Some of the technology outlined during the Mazda3 launch (see page 42) also applies
to the 6 and CX-5, but I never got the Vulcan mind-meld with Mazda vehicle evaluation manager
and onetime Sport Compact Car honcho David Coleman during those launches, so you’re getting
the debrief here.
Perhaps the most startling of Mazda’s little-guy innovations is its radical rethink of engine family
architecture. Much of the magic in optimizing an engine’s efficiency happens in and around the
combustion chamber. Forcing different displacement engines to share bore center distances trades
savings on machine tooling for costs on reengineering the quite different combustion chambers that
result. (It also tends to make smaller-displacement engines weigh more than larger ones.) Mazda
designs one perfect Skyactiv combustion chamber and scales the entire engine up or down around
it, so engines share only rockers, lash-adjusters, and bolts.
Because the company is sized to need thousands of engines, not millions, it can now produce four 
Skyactiv I-4s (three gas and one diesel) and a V-6 with just four machining operations executed by 
highly flexible computer-numerical-control robotic machine tools. That’s down from 45 operations on 
traditional tools building common architecture engines. A fresh engine casting now gets machined in 
just 1.3 hours, a fraction of which is spent moving it and clamping down. The old way took six hours, 
less than half of which was spent actually cutting metal on the MZR engine family.
Other engine optimization tech includes electric variable intake valve timing with 70 degrees of authority
that provides some Valvetronic/Multi-Air capability, such as partial throttling to reduce pumping losses, 
at much lower cost. Naturally, there’s also direct injection and 13:1 compression, and the engine is 
prepped for Mazda’s innovative start-stop system that uses the alternator to brake the engine to a 
stop with a partially compressed charge in one cylinder, into which gas and spark can be sent to assist
the electric starter for a quicker, lower-energy restart. On Tech Package models, that alternator is a 
variable voltage unit, designed to pump 25 kilojoules of energy into the i-ELOOP capacitorin just 8 
seconds when coasting or braking.
Modular chassis design is nothing new, but Mazda’s take establishes common positioning and cross-
sections of the crash load-path structure (which now incorporates the lower engine/suspension cradle)
so that different models can easily be built on the same line. Tailoring the architecture to each vehicle
involves tinkering with metal grade, thickness, spot-weld patterns, and the like. The 3 also incorporates
 steel so hard, it must be red-hot when it’s stamped for use in the B-pillars and bumper reinforcements.
Auto analysts contend Mazda can’t survive alone, but we innovation enthusiasts can hope that sharing
its niche profitability expertise on projects such as the forthcoming Miata/Alfa-Romeo roadster will keep
the tiny Hiroshima company zooming alone.




Tuesday, September 3, 2013

Daniel Ricciardo confirmed at Red Bull for 2014 F1 season

The minute Mark Webber announced his decision to quit Formula 1 in favour of a drive with Porsche’s LMP1 team next year, the Formula 1 paddock with rife with speculation about who would fill the spare seat at Red Bull Racing. It appeared that the team had options aplenty. There was Kimi Raikkonen, who had impressed the teams with his return to Formula 1, and could do with the backing of a team with some resources. There was Daniel Ricciardo who had been a part of Red Bull’s Junior Team since 2008. F1’s silly season had well and truly begun.
Daniel Ricciardo had been a part of Red Bull’s Junior Team since 2008
Daniel Ricciardo had been a part of Red Bull’s Junior Team since 2008
Then, there was Mark Webber’s comments that gave people some clue as to his successor, when he said that everyone knew who would take his spot in the team, and that he believed it was a good thing for Australia.
Sure enough, it was the other Australian driver on the grid, Daniel Ricciardo who was announced as the second Red Bull Racing driver for 2014. Ricciardo will partner Sebastian Vettel in a multi-year contract that will start next year.
Christian Horner, team principal of Red Bull Racing declared “It’s fantastic to confirm Daniel as the team’s race driver for 2014. He’s a very talented youngster, he’s committed, he’s got a great attitude and in the end it was a very logical choice for us to choose Daniel.” Horner went on to say that “Daniel knows what the team expects from him; he’ll learn quickly and it’s very much a medium to long term view that we’re taking in developing him. The seat within the team is a wonderful opportunity and I think he’s going to be a big star of the future.”
A visibly elated Ricciardo said “I feel very, very good at the moment and obviously there’s a lot of excitement running through me. Since joining F1 in 2011, I hoped this would happen and over time the belief in me has grown; I had some good results and Red Bull has decided that this is it, so it’s a good time. Next year I’ll be with a Championship-winning team, arguably the best team, and will be expected to deliver. I’m ready for that. I’m not here to run around in tenth place, I want to get the best results for myself and the team.”
Will Daniel go the Felipe Massa way or the Mark Webber way? That remains to be seen. As we’ve seen in Formula 1 so far, the number 1 driver tag is really no myth!